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London, England, United Kingdom (AHN) – The pay gap between public and private sector employees in Britain widened further from 2008 to 2010, according to a study by British think tank Policy Exchange released over the weekend.

According to the report, a government sports and leisure assistant got an average pay hike of 13.5 percent during the three-year period, while a worker in a private company with a similar job go only an average pay hike of 12.2 percent.

Worse off were private school teachers who even got a 12 percent pay cut, while their public school counterparts received a salary adjustment of 2.1 percent.

Reckoned on an hourly basis, the hourly rate of a mid-income public employee was $20.31 (GBP 13.54), while that of a private sector worker was about $15.09 (GBP 10.06).

However, certain private sector high earners such as bankers, football players and television stars have salaries that were much higher than their public counterparts.

Union officials however are downplaying the Policy Exchange study citing the return of the culture of large city bonuses, while council staff are going through job reductions.

Private company workers, though are expected to catch up because state workers’ pay is frozen until 2008 as Britain reduces its budget deficit and debt. Chancellor George Osborne has sought at least a two-year nationwide wage freeze for public workers and to reform pension systems for state workers.

The only exception to the rule of the larger pay hike was in Yorkshire. The pay disparity was particularly felt in Wales and the northwest.

According to the Department for Business, Innovation and Skills, 20.4 percent of U.K.’s population are employed in the public sector. The number had actually gone down from 21.1 percent and is expected to be further reduced because of the coalition government’s austerity measures.

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Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (AHN) – Research by Statistics Canada found that university-educated immigrants in the U.S. earn more than their counterparts in Canada.

New and university degree holder Canadian immigrants earned 50 percent less than native-born Canadians, while the pay gap between U.S. born worker and the educated migrant was only 30 percent.

The study examined migrants who arrived between 1980 to 2005. Prior to the research period covered, the pay gap of the university-educated migrants in both North American countries against native-born workers was more or less the same.

StatsCan, however, could not pinpoint the reason behind the growing gap. Among the theories is that an oversupply of university degree holders among Canadian migrants. In 1980, only 20 percent of new arrivals have degrees, while by 2005, the figure had risen to 55 percent.

Another reason posited is that the new Canadian migrants were mostly Asians, instead of Europeans, so 80 percent of them did not speak English or French at home, as opposed to 50 percent only in the 1970s.

One more worrying finding is that after more than a decade of working in Canada, the migrants’ wage gap with native-born workers persisted and even worsened to 30 percent in the 1990s from 10 percent in the 1960s. In comparison, the wage gap in the U.S. remained at 12 percent.

But despite the wage advantage among U.S. immigrants, majority of them are still considered lower-paid workers who like the average American struggle to pay their bills and provide for even basic necessities.

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London, England, United Kingdom (AHN) – A report released Thursday by the Department for Work and Pensions found that about 1.5 million Britons abused the country’s welfare system the past decade by claiming welfare payments, but refusing work.

According to the report, about 750,000 of them were given sanctions and had their benefits cuts because they refused to follow regulations that would help them get jobs. Another 177,000 got Jobseeker’s Allowance and turned down offers, 444,000 more quit their work voluntarily and filed for Jobseeker’s Allowance and 123,000 were sanctioned because they claimed allowance after they were fired because of misconduct.

Employment Minister Chris Grayling said because of these abuses of Britain’s welfare system, the coalition government will impose tougher rules. Among the regulations the government is considering is to introduce fixed-term cuts in benefits beginning at three months and going up to three years for Britons who repeatedly refuse to obey regulations.

Another investigation the DWP initiated is on Britons receiving welfare, but who have moved overseas to warmer countries such as Spain and Thailand, or other western nations such as the U.S. and Sweden.

The department is also running after relatives who claim benefits of dead welfare recipients, those who have unreported assets such as property, savings or even yachts and those with exaggerated disability.

Minister for Welfare Reform Lord Freud estimated the cost to taxpayers for welfare payments to Britons living overseas at $99 million (GBP 66 million) in 2009.

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Hundreds of workers at Aurora’s Grootvlei mine have started getting paid their salaries, after nine months of no pay, according to a news report.

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London, England, United Kingdom (AHN) – A report by two anti-poverty campaign groups released Sunday charged British High Street shops of exploiting their Asian workers by making the employees labor in sweatshop conditions. The groups named the retailers and brands as Marks & Spencer, Next, Monsoon, Debenhams, Dorothy Perkins and Miss Selfridge.

Aside from poor working conditions of Indian workers, the groups War on Want and Labor Behind the Label, said the retailers pay poverty salaries and go against labor laws to pare costs to a minimum.

According to the campaigners, some workers get less than $90 (GBP 60) monthly salary and work until 2 a.m. to meet orders for clothes shipped to Britain. Some employees work 140 extra hours a month, but receive only half the mandated overtime rate.

It is the second time that Marks & Spencer has been accused of sweatshop allegations. Marks & Spencer recently released its danced-themed TV commercial with talent show judge Dannii Minogue, models Twiggy and Lisa Snowdon, singer W Brown, comedian Peter Kay and football commentator Jamie Redknapp endorsing the clothing brand.

The ad carries the slogan, “Don’t put a foot wrong this Christmas” and ends with the tagline “Quality worth every penny. The $90 paid by Marks & Spencer to Indian workers monthly is more than 50 percent below the living wage of $189 (GBP 126) in India.

Sam Maher, author of the report and campaigner at Labor Behind the Label, said in a statement, “Workers interviewed from these factories spoke of living in a climate of fear, where violence and systematic exclusion from rights was a daily reality. These conditions and their poverty wages are inexcusable. Brands sourcing from Gurgaon must take action to stop violence against unionized workers and make sure they pay prices that allow for a living wage.”

Monsoon declined to comment on the report. Debenhams and Marks and Spencer said they take seriously allegations of worker exploitation which goes against their companies strict ethical standards. The Arcadia Group which owns two major labels said it welcome the probe into poor labor standards involving their Asian factory workers.

Marks & Spencer reported a $948.75 million (GBP 632.5 million) pre-tax profit for the year ended in March 2010.

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Kathmandu, Nepal (AHN) – Nepali Diasporas living in New York face a language barrier, creating a major challenge that causes immigrants to miss out on jobs and other opportunities in the United States.

Most of the Nepalis who reached the U.S. in search of green pastures are at the receiving end of downward socio-economic mobility, forcing them to lower their living standards in order to survive and support family members back home, a study has revealed.

“While in Nepal, people have dreams of doing well in the U.S. However, there is a huge difference between what you think of America and when you actually come here,” says New York-based non-profit organisation Adhikaar. “People have to work really hard to survive here.”

“Even if you are educated, you won’t be able to find a job of your choice if you don’t have the [right] documents,” a Nepali worker told the group. “You can earn money here, but not respect.”

Much of the problems faced by the Nepali-speaking community in New York City are typical of those faced by emerging communities. The federal minimum wage of $7.25 is not enough to survive and support a family in New York City, the report adds. Making matters worse, migrant workers in the informal sector are often exploited by the employers and are paid below the legal minimum wage.

The report titled “Snapshots of the Nepali-speaking Community in New York City: Demographics and Challenges” reveals that language barrier has become a major challenge for most of the Nepali-speaking people in finding jobs and other services. For example, many Nepalis in the U.S. do not have health insurance, and almost three-fourths of them face challenges in obtaining healthcare.

Many Nepali migrants are unable to transfer their work experience, skills and education from Nepal. Over half of the Nepalis in New York were involved in business or a professional sector in Nepal. While most Nepali immigrants are able to find jobs in New York, they are often low-wage jobs consuming long hours and providing few benefits. While immigration status is a reason for Nepali immigrants doing low-wage jobs, it is not the only one, the report adds. “Nearly half of the respondents to survey have the legal right to work in the U.S., yet most of them faced challenges.”

The most common types of job for men are works in restaurant, gas station, taxi or limousine and moving industry, while women often work as domestic workers and at nail salons or beauty parlours. Report has it that those who intend to earn degrees find themselves unable to attain their goal due to the number of hours they must work to pay for their education and living expenses.

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London, United Kingdom (AHN) – International protest is building about the arrest of Wikileaks founder Julian Assange this week. Assange is being held in a British jail awaiting extradition to Sweden on rape charges.

Meanwhile, the U.S. Justice Department is seeking to extradite him to the United States to face espionage charges after his Web site released more than 250,000 documents that exposed secret State Department communications. However, political leaders in Australia, Brazil, Russia and elsewhere say Assange is a political prisoner who is being punished for exercising rights of the free press.

Some of the harshest criticism is coming from Australia, where hundreds of people rallied Thursday in three cities to protest Assange’s arrest. Assange is an Australian citizen.

Foreign Minister Kevin Rudd said Assange was merely doing the job of any journalist by publishing the documents. “The blame for any violations of the law should fall on the persons who gave the documents to Wikileaks,” Rudd said. “The Americans are responsible for that.”

The State Department communications, called “cables,” described Rudd as a “control freak” and said that he made mistakes as Australia’s foreign minister.

Rudd said he was unconcerned about the criticisms.

He also said Australia would offer consular help to Assange.

Consular help refers to sending diplomats to meet with a citizen of their own country who is arrested abroad to determine whether legal assistance can be arranged.

In Brazil, President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva described the arrest of Assange as a crime.

“I want to express my protest against this offense against free expression,” Lula said. “I will use the presidential blog to express my protest.”

He also encouraged the international news media to be more vigorous in defending Assange.

“The young man who is giving so much trouble to the diplomacy of the United States was arrested and so far I have not seen any protest defending free expression,” Lula said.

Russian Prime Minister Vladimir Putin described the U.S. government’s efforts to prosecute Assange as hypocritical.

“If it is full democracy, then why have they hidden Mr. Assange in prison,” Putin said during a press conference Thursday. “That’s what, democracy?”

Putin’s remarks appear to be a response to a February 2010 cable from Defense Secretary Robert Gates that said, “Russian democracy has disappeared and the government is an oligarchy run by the security services.”

In Mexico, the Journalists Club put up a plaque in their Mexico City headquarters honoring Assange for his “contribution to the conscience of mankind.”

The State Department documents published by Wikileaks described Mexico’s difficulties in managing its war with drug cartels. The cables described the government’s efforts as ineffective, often corrupt and divided among competing administrators.

Meanwhile, the Congressional Research Service is saying any U.S. prosecution of Assange would face unprecedented legal and diplomatic challenges.

A 24-page report from the government agency examines how the Justice Department could apply U.S. criminal laws to a foreign news operation.

“We are aware of no case in which a publisher of information obtained through unauthorized disclosure by a government employee has been prosecuted for publishing it,” the report said.

The prosecution of Assange creates First Amendment and diplomatic hurdles “based on concerns about government censorship,” the report said.

Some members of Congress, such as Sen. Joseph Lieberman (I.-Conn) and Sen. Dianne Feinstein (D-Calif.), say Assange should be prosecuted under the Espionage Act of 1917.

However, the Congressional Research Service report said no single law forbids the news media from publishing diplomatic cables only a “patchwork” of statutes that leave unclear answers.

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New York, NY, United States (AHN) – The gaming industry which has been hard hit in recent years is slated is slated to rebound due to improved economic conditions triggering a recovery in U.S. gaming revenues in late 2011. However 2007 pre-economic meltdown gaming revenue levels will not return until 2012. 

According to PwC’s Playing to win: The outlook for the global casino and online gaming market to 2014, U.S. gaming revenues will rise to $68.3 billion in 2014 from $57.2 billion in 2009, marking a 3.6 percent compound annual increase.

The report also found that U.S. will remain the largest region in 2014, however Asia Pacific will be the fastest growing region with a projected 23.6 percent increase compounded annually to $62.9 billion in 2014 from $21.8 billion in 2009.

“The gaming industry is facing an evolution, which presents both challenges and opportunities for the industry’s established players and those considering to enter the market,” said Mary Lynn Palenik, director, gaming, entertainment, media & communications practice, PwC US. 

She goes on to say, “The explosion of entertainment choices for consumers will make it vital for the industry to produce an offering and experience that consumers want to spend money on.”

Regional Casinos will be Fastest Growing Category 

Propped by the growth in racetrack casinos, regional casinos will be the fastest growing category during the next five years as investment in new and improved offerings and facilities continue to re-direct visitors and revenue. 

Tribal casinos, which fueled growth at double digit annual rates through 2006, have experienced fewer openings over the last few years, a slower economy, and increased competition from regional casinos. 

A return to double digit increases which filled coffers the first half of the decade is not expected. Rather, revenues at tribal casinos will increase from $26.5 billion in 2009 to $30.3 billion in 2014, a 2.7 percent compound annual increase.

The Nevada market – which includes Las Vegas, Laughlin and Reno – experienced double digit declines in 2008 and 2009, which can be attributed to the fact that Nevada casinos, more than any other casinos in the U.S., rely on foreign visitors where tourism has been down, as well as out-of-state visitation from regions that have also been significantly impacted by the global recession.

But the report finds that over the five year forecast, Nevada will increase at a 4.1 percent compound annual rate to $12.5 billion in 2014 from $10.2 billion in 2009.

According to the report, Atlantic City is the only market where revenues in 2014 will be lower than in 2009. The region has suffered the most by the economic downturn and growing competitive pressures from regional casinos in Pennsylvania and New York. For the forecast period, PwC projects a 3.2 percent compound annual decline, from $3.9 billion in 2009 to $3.4 billion in 2014.

Moving forward analysts believe social networking sites will be a key distribution platform for online gaming services, resulting in collaborative partnerships between gaming brands and social networks. 

Lotteries will also grow via interstate collaboration and online pooling while taking advantage of new online offerings.

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WASHINGTON (MarketWatch) – A sweeping plan to cut federal spending and remake the U.S. tax code is expected to fail to reach a consensus because at least six members of an 18 member deficit commission intend to vote against it later Friday morning, according to a report in Politico. As a result, the 18-member commission will be at least two votes short of the 14 vote majority called for by President Barack Obama and Congress for it to be sent to Congress for possible votes.

Market Pulse Stories are Rapid-fire, short news bursts on stocks and markets as they move. Visit MarketWatch.com for more information on this news.

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Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (AHN) – The new citizenship test introduced by Ottawa on March 15 is tougher than the older exam. As a result, the passing rate was only 70 percent.

Because of the low passing rate, the federal government introduced a revised test on Oct. 14, which upped the passing rate to 80 percent. However, it is still a relatively low rate.

The test has 20 multiple choice questions which examinees are given 30 minutes to answer. The exam is available in English and French. The pre-March exam placed a 60 percent passing rate, which meant only 12 correct answers out of 20 questions are needed to obtain Canadian citizenship. The post-March exam upped the passing rate to 75 percent or 15 correct answers out of 20 questions.

Under the old system people who did not pass were referred to a citizenship judge who determined the worthiness of an immigrant to gain Canadian citizenship. In 2008-2009, 9,500 failing examines were sent to a citizenship judge for about an hour.

Because of the tougher exams, which could flood the citizenship judges with people who didn’t pass, the new rules allow those who failed to repeat the test instead.

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